Solution Imperative Commands optional

In this lesson, we guide you through imperative commands in Kubernetes. Gain practical experience creating pods, services, deployments, and namespaces imperatively—an invaluable exercise for exam preparation and day-to-day operations.

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Deploying Pods Imperatively

Deploying an Nginx Pod

Start by deploying an Nginx pod named "nginx-pod" using the nginx:alpine image. Run the following command:

kubectl run nginx-pod --image=nginx:alpine

You should see output similar to:

pod/nginx-pod created

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Deploying a Redis Pod with Labels

Next, deploy a Redis pod using the redis:alpine image and assign it the label tier=db. The --labels option accepts key-value pairs and supports multiple labels separated by commas. The image below illustrates deploying a Redis pod with the specified label:

Execute this command:

kubectl run redis --image=redis:alpine --labels="tier=db"

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Creating Services

Exposing the Redis Application

To expose the Redis pod on port 6379, create a ClusterIP service named "redis-service". Although the command kubectl create service clusterip exists, it does not support specifying selectors. Instead, use the kubectl expose command, which automatically uses the pod’s labels as selectors.

For example, run:

kubectl expose pod redis --port=6379 --name=redis-service

Afterwards, verify the service with:

kubectl get svc redis-service

Expected output:

NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
redis-service   ClusterIP   10.43.56.187    <none>        6379/TCP   12s

Below are additional examples showcasing various usages of the kubectl expose command:

kubectl expose rc nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
kubectl expose -f nginx-controller.yaml --port=80 --target-port=8000
kubectl expose pod valid-pod --port=444 --name=frontend
kubectl expose service nginx --port=443 --target-port=8443 --name=nginx-https
kubectl expose rc streamer --port=4100 --protocol=UDP --name=video-stream
kubectl expose rs nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --target-port=8000

Understanding kubectl create service clusterip

Running the following command without providing a name will result in an error:

kubectl create service clusterip

Output:

error: exactly one NAME is required, got 0
See 'kubectl create service clusterip --help' for help and examples

To create a ClusterIP service named "my-cs" mapping port 5678 to target port 8080, use:

kubectl create service clusterip my-cs --tcp=5678:8080

For a headless service, specify:

kubectl create service clusterip my-cs --clusterip='None'

For more details on exposing the Redis application, refer to the image below:

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Creating a Deployment

Create a deployment named "webapp" using the kodekloud/webapp-color image and then scale it to three replicas. Execute the following commands:

kubectl create deployment webapp --image=kodekloud/webapp-color
kubectl scale deployment webapp --replicas=3

You should see:

deployment.apps/webapp created

Use the command below to check that all three replicas are running:

kubectl get deployments

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Creating a Pod with a Specific Container Port

Next, create a pod called "custom-nginx" using the nginx image and configure it to expose container port 8080:

kubectl run custom-nginx --image=nginx --port=8080

This configures the pod so that the container listens on port 8080.

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Managing Namespaces and Deployments

Creating a Namespace

To organize your resources, create a new namespace called "dev-ns":

kubectl create namespace dev-ns

Deploying in a Specific Namespace

Within the "dev-ns" namespace, deploy a new deployment named "redis-deploy" using the Redis image, scaled to two replicas:

kubectl create deployment redis-deploy --image=redis --replicas=2 -n dev-ns

Verify the deployment using:

kubectl get deployment -n dev-ns

Expected output:

NAME          READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
redis-deploy  2/2     2            2           12s

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Creating a Pod and Exposing It as a Service in One Step

In this task, create a pod named "httpd" using the httpd:alpine image in the default namespace and simultaneously expose it as a ClusterIP service on port 80. The kubectl run command supports the --expose option to automatically create a service.

Run the command below:

kubectl run httpd --image=httpd:alpine --port=80 --expose=true

You should see:

pod/httpd created

Then, verify that both the pod and its corresponding service have been created:

kubectl get pod httpd
kubectl get svc httpd

To view detailed service information, run:

kubectl describe svc httpd

This confirms that the service has the correct selector (e.g., run=httpd), target port (80/TCP), and that endpoints are automatically discovered.

For a visual outline of the creation process, refer to the diagram below:

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Final Verification

Verify your Kubernetes resources by listing all pods:

kubectl get pod

Sample output:

NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-pod                          1/1     Running   0          12m
redis                              1/1     Running   0          10m
webapp-7b59bf687d-n7xxp            1/1     Running   0          5m49s
webapp-7b59bf687d-rds95            1/1     Running   0          5m4s
webapp-7b59bf687d-4gqmt            1/1     Running   0          5m4s
custom-nginx                       1/1     Running   0          3m41s
httpd                              1/1     Running   0          8s

Next, verify your services:

kubectl get svc

Expected output:

NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.43.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   20m
redis-service   ClusterIP   10.43.56.187    <none>        6379/TCP  6m35s
httpd           ClusterIP   10.43.112.233   <none>        80/TCP    15s

Finally, describe the "httpd" service for full configuration details:

kubectl describe svc httpd

This command confirms the service's selector, ClusterIP, exposed ports, and endpoints.

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This concludes our lesson on imperative commands in Kubernetes. By following these steps, you have practiced creating and managing pods, services, deployments, and namespaces using imperative commands. For more detailed information, consider exploring the Kubernetes Documentation to expand your knowledge further.