> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://notes.kodekloud.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Setting Up the Third Group of Resouces EC2

> This lesson covers deploying Amazon EC2 instances using Terraform and Terragrunt for consistent and efficient resource management across environments.

In this lesson, we’ll deploy Amazon EC2 instances across multiple environments using a custom Terraform module and Terragrunt. By encapsulating compute configuration in a reusable module, we guarantee consistency, simplify management, and accelerate provisioning of our workloads.

Our end-to-end workflow:

1. Build a dedicated Terraform module for EC2 provisioning.
2. Create Terragrunt configurations for each environment (development, production).
3. Provide environment-specific variables (instance type, AMI ID, networking).
4. Run `terragrunt init`, `plan`, and `apply`.
5. Validate security groups, key pairs, and network settings.

<Frame>
  ![The image shows a diagram for setting up EC2 resources with Terragrunt commands on the left and a shield icon representing considerations on the right.](https://kodekloud.com/kk-media/image/upload/v1752884256/notes-assets/images/Terragrunt-for-Beginners-Setting-Up-the-Third-Group-of-Resouces-EC2/ec2-resources-terragrunt-setup-diagram.jpg)
</Frame>

***

## 1. Custom Terraform Module

Create a folder structure under `modules/ec2/`:

| File           | Purpose                                                                                  |
| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `main.tf`      | Defines `aws_instance`, security group attachments, user data, etc.                      |
| `variables.tf` | Declares inputs such as `instance_type`, `ami_id`, `vpc_security_group_ids`, `key_name`. |
| `outputs.tf`   | Exposes attributes like public IP and instance ID.                                       |

### Example: variables.tf

```hcl theme={null}
variable "environment" {
  description = "Deployment environment (e.g., dev, prod)"
  type        = string
}

variable "instance_type" {
  description = "EC2 instance type"
  type        = string
}

variable "ami_id" {
  description = "AMI ID for the instance"
  type        = string
}

variable "vpc_security_group_ids" {
  description = "List of security group IDs"
  type        = list(string)
}

variable "key_name" {
  description = "Key pair name for SSH access"
  type        = string
}
```

<Callout icon="lightbulb" color="#1CB2FE">
  Make sure your AMI IDs match the target AWS region. You can automate lookup via the [AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/parameter-store.html).
</Callout>

***

## 2. Terragrunt Configuration per Environment

Under each environment folder (`environments/development/`, `environments/production/`), define a `terragrunt.hcl` that points to the EC2 module and sets inputs:

```hcl theme={null}
# environments/development/terragrunt.hcl
terraform {
  source = "../../modules/ec2"
}

inputs = {
  environment             = "development"
  instance_type           = "t3.micro"
  ami_id                  = "ami-0123456789abcdef0"
  vpc_security_group_ids  = ["sg-0123456789abcdef0"]
  key_name                = "dev-key-pair"
}
```

Repeat for `production`, adjusting values accordingly.

<Callout icon="triangle-alert" color="#FF6B6B">
  Avoid committing sensitive data (e.g., private SSH keys) to version control. Store critical secrets in a secure vault or use Terragrunt’s `read_terragrunt_config` to pull from encrypted sources.
</Callout>

***

## 3. Deploying with Terragrunt

Within your chosen environment directory, execute:

```bash theme={null}
terragrunt init      # Initialize the Terraform working directory
terragrunt plan      # Preview infrastructure changes
terragrunt apply     # Provision EC2 instances as defined
```

After deployment, verify that your security groups, key pairs, and networking settings meet your organization’s standards.

***

## Links and References

* [Terraform AWS Provider – aws\_instance](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/instance)
* [Terragrunt Documentation](https://terragrunt.gruntwork.io/)
* [AWS EC2 Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/)

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