Solution Secrets Optional

In this guide, we walk you through a lab exercise that focuses on managing Kubernetes Secrets. We'll start by inspecting the default secret in the cluster, review its content, and then deploy an application that uses a custom secret for connecting to a MySQL database.

Inspecting Default Secrets

Begin by checking the number of secrets within the default namespace with the following command:

kubectl get secrets

You should see an output similar to this:

NAME                      TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-cr4sr       kubernetes.io/service-account-token     3     7m50s

Next, retrieve details about the default token secret:

kubectl describe secret default-token-cr4sr

The output will list several key items under the Data section:

• ca.crt (570 bytes)
• namespace (7 bytes)
• token (a long encoded token)

This confirms there are three data items. Note that the secret type is kubernetes.io/service-account-token.

Reviewing the Secret Data

When you run the following command:

kubectl get secrets

the output will still be:

NAME                    TYPE                                   DATA   AGE
default-token-cr4sr     kubernetes.io/service-account-token    3      7m50s

Then, describing the secret with:

kubectl describe secret default-token-cr4sr

reveals the three keys:

• ca.crt
• namespace
• token

Reviewing the Application Architecture

The next step involves inspecting the deployed application architecture. The necessary Pods and Services are already created. However, note that there is no deployment resource in the default namespace. Check deployments using:

kubectl get deploy

Output:

No resources found in default namespace.

Next, verify the pods:

kubectl get pods

Output:

NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webapp-pod   1/1     Running   0          26s
mysql        1/1     Running   0          26s

Two pods are present: one for the web application and another for MySQL. To inspect services, run:

kubectl get svc

Output:

NAME             TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
kubernetes       ClusterIP  10.43.0.1       <none>        443/TCP           10m
webapp-service   NodePort   10.43.73.93     <none>        8080:30000/TCP    40s
sql01            ClusterIP  10.43.128.20    <none>        3306/TCP          40s

This verifies the presence of two services: one managing the web application and another for the SQL database (named "sql01").

The default token secret, which was reviewed earlier, is not used by the application. Instead, the web application needs a dedicated secret to connect to the MySQL database.

Application Error and Creating the DB Secret

Upon examining the application, you might notice an error indicating a failure to connect to MySQL. This happens because the necessary environment variables (database host, user, and password) are not set. The error message typically includes:

• Database host is not set.
• DB user is not set.
• DB password is not set.

To fix the issue, create a new Kubernetes Secret named db-secret containing the required credentials. Execute the following command:

kubectl create secret generic db-secret \
  --from-literal=DB_Host=sql01 \
  --from-literal=DB_User=root \
  --from-literal=DB_Password=password123

Confirm the secret was created by running:

kubectl get secret

Output:

NAME                 TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-cr4sr  kubernetes.io/service-account-token     3      10m
db-secret            Opaque                                3      6s

You can further inspect the secret with:

kubectl describe secret db-secret

and you'll see three keys: DB_Host, DB_User, and DB_Password.

Configuring the Web Application Pod to Use the Secret

Now, update your web application Pod so that it sources its environment variables from the newly created db-secret. This configuration allows the container to directly access the MySQL connection information via environment variables.

Below is a sample pod specification illustrating how to include the secret using the envFrom field:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: webapp-pod
  namespace: default
  labels:
    name: webapp-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: webapp
      image: kodekloud/simple-webapp-mysql
      imagePullPolicy: Always
      envFrom:
        - secretRef:
            name: db-secret
      resources: {}
      terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
      terminationMessagePolicy: File
  volumes:
    - name: kube-api-access-dxllf
      mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default

Apply the updated configuration with:

kubectl replace --force -f <filename>.yaml

Allow the Pod to restart and then verify that it has been updated successfully:

kubectl describe pod webapp-pod

Within the container section, you should see a reference confirming that environment variables are loaded from db-secret.

Following these changes, the application should successfully establish a connection with the MySQL database using the correct host, user, and password settings.

Conclusion

After updating the pod configuration, the web application now correctly reads the required environment variables from db-secret and connects to the MySQL database. This lab exercise emphasizes how Kubernetes Secrets can be used to securely externalize sensitive data—like database credentials—and integrate them seamlessly into application Pods.

This completes the lab exercise.