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Open Source for Beginners

Introduction

An idea called Open Source

Open source is built on the principle that software’s source code should be openly accessible, editable, and redistributable. Although the term originated in the software industry during the late 20th century, its philosophy now extends to open data, open standards, open hardware, and collaborative innovation.

Origins of Open Source

The free software movement first championed the idea that users deserve the freedom to run, study, share, and improve software. Over time, “open source” emerged as a term emphasizing practical benefits such as transparency, community-driven development, and rapid innovation.
The image illustrates the concept of open source, highlighting the freedom to access, edit, and redistribute source code.

Core Principles

At its heart, open source guarantees four essential freedoms:

  • Use: Run the software for any purpose
  • Study: Inspect and understand how the software works
  • Modify: Adapt the code to your needs
  • Share: Distribute original or modified versions

Note

“Free” in open source refers to freedom, not price. Users may be charged for distribution or support, but they retain the four freedoms above.

Open Source Licenses

To be truly open source, a project must comply with criteria defined by an approved license. These licenses outline how software can be used, modified, and distributed.

The image features icons representing coding and a document with a checkmark, labeled "Open Source License," against a dark background.

LicensePermissionsCommon Use Cases
MIT LicenseCommercial use, modification, distributionWeb frameworks, libraries
GNU GPL (v3)Copyleft: derivatives must use same licenseSystem software, end-user apps
BSD 3-Clause LicenseFewer restrictions, permissiveNetworking, embedded systems

Warning

Mixing incompatible licenses (e.g., GPL and proprietary terms) can lead to legal conflicts. Always review compatibility before combining codebases.

The Role of the Open Source Initiative

The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is the steward of the Open Source Definition, setting the bar for what qualifies as open source. For complete criteria and approved licenses, visit the Open Source Initiative’s website.

Applications and Examples

Open source isn’t just software—it’s a methodology driving collaboration across industries. Notable examples include:

  • Linux kernel and distributions
  • Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird
  • OpenJDK (Java)
  • Android OS

The image is a module summary about open-source software, highlighting its free usage, regulation under licenses like MIT and GNU GPL, and examples such as Linux and Mozilla.

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