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Welcome students! In this lesson, we will dive into the critical roles of monitoring and logging in cloud operations. Understanding these pillars not only helps maintain high system performance and security but also lays the foundation for scalable and resilient cloud architectures. While tracing is an important aspect of modern observability, this lesson will focus on the traditional pillars: monitoring and logging. Tracing will be explored in a subsequent module for additional context.

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Monitoring

Imagine you are responsible for a web application running on an EC2 instance and must uphold a 100% SLA with uninterrupted uptime. To achieve this, you need to continuously monitor various factors such as infrastructure health, application performance, network latency, storage, and internet connectivity. These variables are typically tracked using metrics like CPU usage, memory consumption, network capacity, and disk performance. Metrics are essential for setting up alerts and visualizing performance trends over time. This proactive approach allows you to detect issues early and ensures smooth operational continuity. The diagram below elucidates how a web application on Amazon EC2 is monitored through comprehensive metrics collection—from infrastructure health to application performance and network latency—with these metrics linking directly to alerts and a visualization dashboard.
The image is a diagram explaining monitoring, showing how a web application on Amazon EC2 is monitored through metrics collection (infrastructure health, application performance, network latency) and linked to alerts and a visualization dashboard.

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Logging

Logging acts as a detailed diary for your application, capturing extensive events and state changes from various sources. Log files gather critical information from applications, servers, databases, and network devices—data that is invaluable for troubleshooting, pinpointing bugs, and analyzing system behavior. When used alongside metrics, logs provide deep insights into system operations and help recognize underlying patterns and trends over time. The diagram below demonstrates how logs consolidate input from multiple sources, supporting effective troubleshooting and in-depth analysis to maintain optimal system performance.
The image is a diagram explaining logging, showing how applications, servers, databases, and network devices feed into logs, which are used for gaining insights, troubleshooting, and identifying bugs.

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The Combined Value of Monitoring and Logging

Monitoring and logging are essential, complementary practices in any cloud operation. Together, they establish the groundwork for a robust observability strategy. When integrated with tracing, these techniques form the pillars of modern observability. Key benefits of implementing effective monitoring and logging include:
  • Ensuring consistent system health and performance.
  • Enhancing security through proactive alerts and detailed post-incident analysis.
  • Supporting compliance and auditing as core components of governance.
  • Facilitating rapid troubleshooting and debugging to resolve production issues swiftly.
  • Optimizing cost management by delivering maximum operational value while reducing overhead expenses.
The diagram below encapsulates the significance of monitoring and logging by highlighting these five key focus areas: system health and performance, security, compliance and auditing, troubleshooting and debugging, and cost management.
The image illustrates the importance of monitoring and logging, highlighting five key areas: system health and performance, security, compliance and auditing, troubleshooting and debugging, and cost management, arranged in a circular flow.
By comprehensively monitoring metrics and maintaining detailed logs, you can ensure reliable application performance and operational efficiency for your cloud infrastructure.
This holistic strategy is essential for diagnosing issues promptly and maintaining a cost-effective, high-performing digital environment. We’ll catch you in the next lesson.

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