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Welcome students to this lesson on EC2 Spot Instances. In this guide, we will explore one of AWS’s most cost-effective compute options designed for interruptible workloads. Over time, Spot Instances have evolved to become user-friendly while delivering substantial cost savings for the right applications.

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Overview of EC2 Purchasing Options

AWS offers several purchasing options for EC2 instances. Below is an overview of these models:
  1. On-Demand Instances
    On-Demand Instances work like buying a cup of coffee at the regular price whenever you need it. They are ideal for short-term or unpredictable workloads since you only pay for what you use.
The image is an infographic about EC2 Instance Purchasing Options, specifically On-Demand Instances, highlighting their suitability for short-term, irregular workloads and the benefit of flexible capacity adjustment.
  1. Spot Instances
    Spot Instances are similar to waiting for a flash sale at your local coffee shop—when leftover inventory is available at a discount. With Spot Instances, you bid on unused AWS capacity at prices up to 90% lower than on-demand rates. However, these compute resources can be interrupted if AWS needs the capacity back, so they are best suited for workloads that can tolerate interruptions.
The image illustrates the concept of EC2 Spot Instances using a metaphor of waiting for a discount at a coffee shop. It shows a person approaching a coffee shop with a discount symbol, representing the idea of purchasing leftover resources at a reduced price.
Taking any exam question that refers to an “interruptible” workload? Spot Instances are often the most cost-effective selection.
The image is an infographic about EC2 Instance Purchasing Option – Spot Instances, highlighting that they are best for workloads with flexible start and end times or that can withstand interruptions, offering tremendous cost savings for fault-tolerant and flexible applications.
  1. Savings Plans
    Savings Plans allow you to commit to a fixed monthly spend in exchange for discounted rates. Think of it as paying a fixed amount, like 50permonth,toreceivemorevalue—inthiscase,50 per month, to receive more value—in this case, 75 worth of resources. Savings Plans apply not only to EC2 but also to container-based Compute offerings, Fargate, Lambda, and in some cases, SageMaker.
The image illustrates a person committing to spend $50 per month on coffee at a coffee shop, representing a savings plan concept.
  1. Reserved Instances
    Reserved Instances require a commitment for one, three, or more years in a specific region, similar to subscribing to a monthly coffee service—you pay regardless of usage. They offer up to 75% discounts compared to on-demand pricing and come in several types: standard (inflexible), convertible (more flexible), and scheduled (time-specific).
The image is an infographic about EC2 Instance Purchasing Option – Reserved Instances (RIs), highlighting that it's best for steady-state or predictable usage and offers significant cost savings over On-Demand pricing.
  1. Dedicated Hosts
    Dedicated Hosts provide an entire physical server exclusively for your use—much like renting a coffee machine solely for your business. This option is typically chosen when specific licensing or security requirements must be met. Due to renting a full physical server, it is the costliest option.
The image is an infographic about EC2 Instance Purchasing Option for Dedicated Hosts, highlighting its suitability for workloads with specific hardware needs due to licensing or regulatory requirements, and benefits like using existing software licenses and addressing compliance needs.
  1. Dedicated Instances
    Dedicated Instances offer hardware isolation for your virtual machine, similar to reserving a private seat at a communal coffee setup. Though they do not involve an entire physical server, the instance runs on hardware dedicated to you, ensuring better isolation from other AWS customers. This option is typically the second most expensive after Dedicated Hosts.
The image is an infographic about EC2 Instance Purchasing Options, specifically Dedicated Instances, highlighting their best use case and benefits. It includes a target-like graphic and icons representing data and analytics.

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Deep Dive: EC2 Spot Instances

Let’s return our focus to Spot Instances. They deliver up to 90% savings compared to on-demand pricing by utilizing AWS’s excess compute capacity. However, AWS might reclaim these resources with a two-minute warning, so it is essential that your applications are designed to handle such interruptions gracefully.
Ensure that your applications, especially batch processes or large-scale data analytics workflows, are built with fault tolerance in mind to benefit from Spot Instances.

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Advantages of Using Spot Instances

  • Significant cost savings by leveraging spare compute capacity.
  • No long-term commitment, offering flexibility similar to on-demand usage.
  • Seamless integration with other AWS services.
  • Automatic capacity rebalancing for improved workload management.

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Challenges of Using Spot Instances

  • Potential for instance interruption with only a two-minute warning.
  • Variability in pricing based on current supply and demand.
  • Occasional difficulty in acquiring capacity during peak times.
  • Increased complexity in designing applications to handle interruptions.
  • Possible startup delays.
The image lists the cons of a service, including potential for interruption, lack of guaranteed availability, unpredictable pricing, complexity in handling interruptions, and startup delays. It features a graphic of a thumbs-down symbol on a presentation board.
Before deploying applications on Spot Instances, thoroughly review best practices and design strategies to ensure rapid recovery from unexpected terminations.

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Best Practices

For best results with Spot Instances, consider using them to supplement an on-demand fleet. This approach enables scaling your capacity while keeping costs under control, provided you have the system resilience to manage sudden interruptions.
The image is a flowchart explaining the process of using AWS EC2 Spot Instances, including selecting services, choosing instances and availability zones, and deciding on interpretation behavior like hibernate, stop, or terminate. It also highlights the importance of referring to best practices before running Spot Instances.

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Conclusion

While Spot Instances require a flexible and resilient architecture to manage potential interruptions, their cost benefits make them an attractive option for suitable applications. If you need substantial compute capacity at a fraction of the cost and can accommodate occasional disruptions, Spot Instances are a smart choice. Thanks for reading this lesson on EC2 Spot Instances. For further information on AWS compute options, refer to the AWS Documentation.

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