- Configuration options and recommended settings for production and testing
- Routing modes supported by Cilium and when to use each
- How the kube-proxy-less architecture works and why it improves performance
- Important Cilium terminology used in policies and telemetry
- A step-by-step deep packet walk (packet flow through nodes and the cluster)

This lesson focuses on actionable, production-relevant topics. If you’re preparing for Cilium-related certification or improving cluster networking performance, pay close attention to the routing modes and kube-proxy-less sections — they cover common pitfalls and optimization strategies.
| Topic | Why it matters | Where to apply |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration options | Affects security, performance, and observability | Cluster bootstrapping, CI/CD, production clusters |
| Routing modes | Determines packet path and load-balancing behavior | Multi-node clusters, cloud vs bare metal |
| Kube-proxy-less architecture | Reduces latency and CPU by offloading services to BPF | High-throughput services, latency-sensitive apps |
| Terminology | Understand logs, metrics, and policy rules | Debugging, writing policies, readouts in dashboards |
| Deep packet walk | Visualizes actual packet handling to diagnose issues | Troubleshooting and performance tuning |