Demo OWASP ZAP Fixing Issue

In our previous tutorial, we ran an OWASP ZAP scan against a Spring Boot application and published an HTML report via Jenkins. This guide walks you through remediating the missing X-Content-Type-Options header in HTTP responses. First, let’s inspect the vulnerability reported by ZAP:

The image shows an OWASP ZAP HTML report highlighting a security issue where the "X-Content-Type-Options" header is missing. It provides details such as the description, affected URLs, methods, and a suggested solution.

A quick search on Stack Overflow suggests adding Spring Security Starter to include this header automatically. We’ll:

Add the spring-boot-starter-security dependency.
Create a WebSecurityConfig class to disable CSRF (since we’re only using security for headers).

1. Update pom.xml

Add Spring Security Starter (version managed by your parent POM):

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

After insertion, your <dependencies> block might resemble:

<dependencies>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>openapi-ui</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.30</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- other dependencies -->
</dependencies>

Spring Security automatically adds many secure headers, including X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff.

2. Create WebSecurityConfig

In your IDE, right-click the package under src/main/java and select New → Class:

The image shows a screenshot of a Spring Tool Suite IDE with a context menu open, displaying options for creating new Java elements like classes and packages. The background shows a POM file being edited.

Name the class WebSecurityConfig and add the following:

package com.devsecops;

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable();
    }
}

Commit and push your changes (e.g., via GitHub Desktop):

The image shows a GitHub Desktop interface with no local changes and options to push commits, open the repository in an editor, view files in Explorer, or open the repository on GitHub. A taskbar with various application icons is visible at the bottom.

Once pushed, Jenkins will start a new build.

3. Dependency-Check Failure (CVSS ≥ 8)

During the Maven dependency scan, the build fails due to high-severity issues in Spring Security:

mvn dependency-check:check
...
[ERROR] One or more dependencies were identified with vulnerabilities that have a CVSS score greater than or equal to '8.0':
[ERROR]   spring-security-core-5.3.5.RELEASE.jar (CVE-2021-21112)
[ERROR]   spring-security-web-5.3.5.RELEASE.jar (CVE-2021-21112)

Review the failed build in Jenkins Build #59:

The image shows a Jenkins build page for "Build #59" with details such as build artifacts, changes, and test results. The build is marked with a red cross, indicating a failure.

Verify CVE-2021-21112 on the NVD:

The image shows a webpage from the National Vulnerability Database detailing CVE-2021-22112, a security vulnerability in Spring Security, with a high severity score of 8.8. The page includes a description of the issue and quick info about the CVE entry.

Since no patched version is available yet, we’ll temporarily raise the CVSS threshold to 10.

Raising the CVSS threshold should only be temporary. Revert once a fixed release is available.

4. Adjust `failBuildOnCVSS`

In your pom.xml, configure the OWASP Dependency-Check plugin:

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupId>org.owasp</groupId>
      <artifactId>dependency-check-maven</artifactId>
      <version>6.1.6</version>
      <configuration>
        <format>ALL</format>
        <!-- Fail build on CVSS ≥ threshold -->
        <failBuildOnCVSS>10</failBuildOnCVSS>
        <!-- Optional internal mirrors and suppression files -->
        <!-- <cveUrlModified>http://internal-mirror/...json.gz</cveUrlModified> -->
        <!-- <suppressionFiles>... -->
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
    <!-- other plugins -->
  </plugins>
</build>

Commit and push again.

5. Build Passes with CVSS 10

With the threshold raised, the dependency scan now succeeds, and Jenkins shows:

The image shows a Jenkins dashboard displaying a list of recent builds for a project named "devsecops-numeric-application," with details such as status, run number, commit message, duration, and completion time.

The image shows a Jenkins interface displaying dependency-check results, highlighting vulnerabilities in specific files with their severity levels and descriptions.

6. OWASP ZAP DAST

The ZAP stage now completes, reporting only one warning:

PASS: X-Content-Type-Options [10021]
...
WARN-NEW: 1 WARN-ING: 1 INFO: 0 IGNORE: 0 PASS: 115
Exit Code: 2
OWASP ZAP Report has either Low/Medium Risk. Please check the HTML Report

7. Verify Response Headers

Refresh your application endpoint in the browser. You should now see:

Before: No X-Content-Type-Options header
After: X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff

This confirms the header is correctly applied. The only remaining ZAP warning relates to unexpected Content-Type, which can be addressed by customizing ZAP’s scan rules.

Introduction

DevSecOps Pipeline

Kubernetes Operations and Security

HashiCorp Vault + Kubernetes

Additional Topics

DevOps Pipeline

Demo OWASP ZAP Fixing Issue

1. Update pom.xml

2. Create WebSecurityConfig

3. Dependency-Check Failure (CVSS ≥ 8)

4. Adjust `failBuildOnCVSS`

5. Build Passes with CVSS 10

6. OWASP ZAP DAST

7. Verify Response Headers

Links and References

Watch Video

​1. Update pom.xml

​2. Create WebSecurityConfig

​3. Dependency-Check Failure (CVSS ≥ 8)

​4. Adjust failBuildOnCVSS

​5. Build Passes with CVSS 10

​6. OWASP ZAP DAST

​7. Verify Response Headers

​Links and References

Watch Video

1. Update pom.xml

2. Create WebSecurityConfig

3. Dependency-Check Failure (CVSS ≥ 8)

4. Adjust `failBuildOnCVSS`

5. Build Passes with CVSS 10

6. OWASP ZAP DAST

7. Verify Response Headers

Links and References