ConfigMaps

ConfigMaps let you decouple configuration artifacts from image content, so containerized applications are easily portable. With ConfigMaps you can store configuration data in key–value pairs and inject them into Pods as environment variables or mounted files.

ConfigMaps are not designed for sensitive information. Use Secrets for credentials and tokens.

Why Use ConfigMaps?

Hard-coding environment variables in Pod specs is tedious when you maintain multiple workloads. Consider this example:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-webapp-color
spec:
  containers:
  - name: simple-webapp-color
    image: simple-webapp-color
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    env:
      - name: APP_COLOR
        value: blue
      - name: APP_MODE
        value: prod

Updating dozens of Pod definitions manually increases the risk of misconfiguration. Instead, extract these values into a single ConfigMap.

ConfigMap Lifecycle

Create a ConfigMap
Inject it into your Pod

1. Creating a ConfigMap

Kubernetes supports both imperative and declarative creation methods.

Imperative (`kubectl`) Approach

From literal key–value pairs:

kubectl create configmap app-config \
  --from-literal=APP_COLOR=blue \
  --from-literal=APP_MODE=prod

From a properties file (each file entry becomes a key):

kubectl create configmap app-config \
  --from-file=app_config.properties

Declarative (YAML) Approach

Define config-map.yaml:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: app-config
data:
  APP_COLOR: blue
  APP_MODE: prod

Apply the configuration:

kubectl apply -f config-map.yaml

Use descriptive names and labels for each ConfigMap (e.g., app-config, mysql-config, redis-config) so you can manage them easily across environments.

Inspecting ConfigMaps

List all ConfigMaps:

kubectl get configmaps

Describe a specific ConfigMap:

kubectl describe configmap app-config

Sample output:

Name:         app-config
Namespace:    default
Data
====
APP_COLOR: blue
APP_MODE:  prod

2. Injecting ConfigMaps into Pods

You can consume ConfigMaps in two main ways:

As environment variables
As files via a mounted volume

A. Environment Variables

Bulk Injection with `envFrom`

Inject all keys as environment variables:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-webapp-color
spec:
  containers:
  - name: simple-webapp-color
    image: simple-webapp-color
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    envFrom:
    - configMapRef:
        name: app-config

Single Key Injection

Inject a specific key:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-webapp-color
spec:
  containers:
  - name: simple-webapp-color
    image: simple-webapp-color
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    env:
      - name: APP_COLOR
        valueFrom:
          configMapKeyRef:
            name: app-config
            key: APP_COLOR

B. File-based Injection

Mount ConfigMap entries as files inside the container:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-webapp-with-files
spec:
  containers:
  - name: simple-webapp
    image: simple-webapp
    volumeMounts:
    - name: config-volume
      mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
  - name: config-volume
    configMap:
      name: app-config

Each key in app-config appears as a separate file in /etc/config.

Comparing Injection Methods

Injection Type	Use Case	Configuration Option
Bulk environment loading	Simple, all-in-one injection	`envFrom.configMapRef`
Single variable reference	Granular control per key	`env.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef`
File mounting	Applications reading configs as files	`volumes.configMap`

Introduction

Docker Engine

Docker Image Management

Docker Engine - Security

Docker Engine - Networking

Docker Engine - Storage

Docker Compose

Docker Swarm

Kubernetes

Docker Engine Enterprise

Docker Trusted Registry

Disaster Recovery

Why Use ConfigMaps?

ConfigMap Lifecycle

1. Creating a ConfigMap

Imperative (`kubectl`) Approach

Declarative (YAML) Approach

Inspecting ConfigMaps

2. Injecting ConfigMaps into Pods

A. Environment Variables

Bulk Injection with `envFrom`

Single Key Injection

B. File-based Injection

Comparing Injection Methods

Further Reading

References

Watch Video

​Why Use ConfigMaps?

​ConfigMap Lifecycle

​1. Creating a ConfigMap

​Imperative (kubectl) Approach

​Declarative (YAML) Approach

​Inspecting ConfigMaps

​2. Injecting ConfigMaps into Pods

​A. Environment Variables

Bulk Injection with envFrom

Single Key Injection

​B. File-based Injection

​Comparing Injection Methods

​Further Reading

​References

Watch Video

Why Use ConfigMaps?

ConfigMap Lifecycle

1. Creating a ConfigMap

Imperative (`kubectl`) Approach

Declarative (YAML) Approach

Inspecting ConfigMaps

2. Injecting ConfigMaps into Pods

A. Environment Variables

Bulk Injection with `envFrom`

B. File-based Injection

Comparing Injection Methods

Further Reading

References