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Welcome back, Solutions Architects. In this article, we delve into the core design principles that drive performance in modern cloud architectures. These principles help you answer critical design questions to ensure that your services are high-performing, cost-effective, and scalable.

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Overview

Performance design principles serve as a filtering mechanism, guiding you in deciding which concepts are essential for achieving your performance targets. When evaluating performance, consider the following questions:
  • What are the key performance attributes (e.g., scalability, latency, throughput)?
  • Which design principles will enhance performance?
  • Which principles might inadvertently affect performance negatively?
  • How do you balance performance with cost and customer experience?
The ultimate aim is to meet customer needs efficiently while optimizing costs.

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Principle 1: Democratizing Advanced Technologies

The first principle focuses on simplifying the implementation of advanced technologies. Instead of overburdening your IT team with the complexities of hosting or running cutting-edge technologies like NoSQL databases, media transcoding, or machine learning, you can leverage cloud services that abstract these challenges. By shifting the heavy lifting to cloud vendors, you can dynamically adjust scale and improve performance. This not only streamlines your operations but also enhances your ability to adapt to evolving performance requirements.

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Principle 2: Global Distribution

Global distribution involves deploying workloads across multiple regions to reduce latency and enhance user experience worldwide. Leveraging cloud-native, DevOps-enabled practices—such as infrastructure as code with tools like Terraform—ensures rapid deployment and consistent resiliency. Key points include:
  • Deploying services in multiple regions brings your applications closer to users.
  • Automated, cloud-native solutions manage global distribution while ensuring load resiliency and failover.
This principle is vital to scaling your services quickly without compromising on performance.

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Principle 3: Leveraging Serverless Architectures

Serverless architectures remove the need to manage underlying servers for traditional compute tasks. With serverless solutions, you can achieve automatic scaling and pay only for the exact resources you use, reducing operational overhead and boosting performance.
The image is an infographic titled "Go Global in Minutes," showing a laptop connected to two servers with steps for deploying workloads globally, bringing services closer to users, using automation, and employing resiliency/failover for load distribution.
It’s important to note that serverless is not limited to AWS Lambda. It includes any service where you avoid managing servers, such as serverless storage for static websites or event-driven architectures that scale on demand.
The image is about using serverless architectures, highlighting benefits like not managing underlying servers, automated scaling, and event-driven architectures. It includes a diagram of servers and a person overseeing them.
Serverless architectures trigger only when necessary, making them a cost-effective and high-performance choice.

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Principle 4: Experimentation and Testing

Experimentation is essential for pinpointing the optimal performance configurations. Utilizing automated, virtual resources for comparative load testing across different instance types or storage setups can help determine the best performance-to-cost ratio. For example, testing various AWS instance sizes can reveal the configuration that offers the best value in terms of performance per dollar. Regular experimentation empowers you to innovate, optimize resource allocation, and make data-driven performance decisions.
The image is a slide titled "Experiment More Often," suggesting trying new scenarios, creating pre-production environments, and ensuring metrics for experiments. It includes a simple graphic of a circle on the right.

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Principle 5: Consider Mechanical Sympathy

Mechanical sympathy emphasizes using the right technology for its intended purpose, akin to selecting the proper tool for a specific task. Just as you wouldn’t use a screwdriver to drive a nail, you should avoid misusing technologies. For instance, if you need a transactional database, Amazon RDS or Aurora is preferable over DynamoDB, which is optimized for different workloads. Similarly, evaluate whether a full server is necessary for running cron jobs or if a lightweight AWS Lambda function will suffice.
The image provides guidance on "Consider Mechanical Sympathy," emphasizing using tools for their intended purpose and minimizing resource use, illustrated with icons of a nail, screwdriver, and hammer.

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Applying the Design Principles

Imagine a scenario where you require storage without the headache of managing it yourself. A serverless solution like Amazon S3 aligns perfectly with the principle of leveraging serverless technologies. If performance is a concern, consider exploring new storage classes with automated load testing to validate potential improvements. Experimentation allows you to assess various options—whether you’re evaluating S3 storage for database-like purposes or determining when to switch to Amazon RDS for better performance. Each design principle offers guidance in matching technology features with your service requirements, acknowledging that attributes like performance, security, reliability, and cost may call for different strategies.
The image illustrates a flowchart for applying performance design principles to Amazon S3, outlining requirements, design principles, and corresponding service features. It suggests solutions like using serverless architectures and experimenting more often to address specific storage needs.

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Summary

To recap, the design principles for performance include:
  • Democratizing advanced technologies to reduce operational complexity.
  • Distributing workloads globally to lower latency and boost user experience.
  • Embracing serverless architectures for automatic scaling without managing servers.
  • Prioritizing regular experimentation to optimize performance and costs.
  • Applying mechanical sympathy by using tools in the way they were designed.
These principles are key to evaluating and optimizing cloud architecture performance. While they might not appear directly on certification exams, they are invaluable in guiding your performance-related decisions.
The image is a summary slide outlining four design principles related to performance, technology democratization, global reach, and serverless use, with a note that these principles won't be on the exam.
Thank you for reading this article. Stay tuned for our next installment where we will explore design principles related to cost optimization.

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